Surface albedo discrepancies in land surface models under subzero conditions limit accurate simulation of hydrothermal processes in cold-arid regions. This study conducted controlled laboratory experiments to measure the albedo of three typical bare soils-Tibetan clay, Lanzhou loess, and aeolian sand-at different temperature and humidity levels. The main quantitative findings indicate that aeolian sand has the highest albedo, while clay has the lowest. As the temperature decreases from-0.2 degrees C to-20 degrees C, the albedo variation for clay and loess is reduced by 0.05, while the variation for aeolian sand is reduced by 0.04. During the process of pore water freezing, the albedo decreases by 0.02-0.03 at low moisture content, while it increases by 0.02-0.03 at high moisture content. This study elucidates the mechanistic role of ice-water phase transitions in altering surface reflectance and provides an improved temperature-humidity dependent albedo model, thereby enhancing the predictive accuracy of surface processes in cold arid regions. It clarifies the mechanistic role of ice-water phase transitions in altering surface reflectance and offers an empirical model for improving albedo parameterization in surface models of cold arid environments.