Soil bioturbation is a very important activity that ensures the movement of materials in the soil. The main objective of this study was to contribute to the assessment of the abundance and biodiversity of soil bioturbation agents. Three distinct agroecosystems, located in the semi-arid region of Khenchela (eastern Algeria), were selected for this study: an orchard of fruit trees, an unworked fallow and a cereal-growing plot. To this end, we carried out soil characterization and the inventory of the bioturbating fauna, using pitfall traps and manual sorting of soil blocks on the three sites. The results of our study reveal significant variation in the abundance of soil bioturbation agents across the three distinct agroecosystems examined. In total, we collected 244 individuals with notable variation across the three sites: cereal (107 individuals) > orchard (88 individuals) > untilled fallow (49 individuals). Our inventory identified 23 species, distributed across five classes, seven orders, and 16 families. According to the results, a number of soil abiotic factors had an impact on the abundance and species richness of soil bioturbation agents. The difference between the three sites is evident in terms of population. Several factors, including electrical conductivity, soil moisture, organic matter, porosity and soil texture, contribute to this difference. : The species-least abundant site is characterized by low organic matter content (0.43%), low water content (11.98%), low porosity (19.78%) and clay texture with a clay content of 45%. This study underscores the necessity of considering soil characteristics when selecting land use types and devising biodiversity conservation strategies, with the ultimate goal of safeguarding soils and the ecosystem services they provide.