The intense water surface evaporation in arid regions leads to significant water resource losses, enlarging the supply-demand gap and increasing ecological pressures. The land surface temperature in China has increased significantly during the past several decades with global warming and the water surface evaporation has enhanced accordingly. Additionally, human activities-induced land use/coverage change (LUCC) often accelerates surface water losses, especially in vulnerable arid/semi-arid regions. However, integrated researches considering climate change and human activities, especially agricultural engineering constructions in arid/semi-arid inland basins are relatively scarce. In this study, we have chosen a very typical arid inland basin, the Shiyang River Basin (SRB) with prominent global warming and intensive human activities as a case study, to monitor the water surface evaporation changes under global warming and human activities. We combined remote sensing extraction on Google Earth Engine (GEE) and evaporation modeling to estimate the water surface evaporation losses during the ice-free period in the SRB from 2010 to 2023. The results showed an accelerated increasing trend in water surface evaporation volume from 52.19x10(6) m(3) in 2010 to 62.16x10(6) m(3) in 2023 with a rate of 0.9163x10(6)m(3)/year because of the significant enlarges in farmland reservoir areas. For maintaining the minimum water depth requirements in these artificial reservoirs all over the year, groundwater has to be continuously piped into these reservoirs. With the emerges of these farmland reservoirs, the GTD in the whole SRB has increased dramatically. The plants' roots can't reach groundwater table anymore and gradually to die from lack of water and has aroused serious ecological disasters. It is predicted that the water exhaustion in the SRB will further intensify in the future. These findings emphasized the influences of unreasonable agricultural engineering in these arid oases and provide an important reference for water resources management and decision-making in similar arid areas of the world for the sustainable development goals (SDGs).