Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study was conducted on three wheat genotypes PBW644, WH1080, and PBW175 under controlled conditions at the Division of Plant Physiology, SKUAST, Jammu. The experiment involved withholding irrigation for 10 days during the booting stage, with sampling done at the onset of wilting and leaf rolling symptoms. The aim was to investigate drought-induced changes in root anatomy and architecture, as well as their impact on yield-related traits. The results showed significant root anatomical differences among the genotypes under drought stress. All genotypes experienced reductions in root diameter, cortical thickness, and total cortical area, with PBW644 exhibiting the most pronounced decrease, followed by WH1080 and PBW175. Importantly, PBW644 consistently showed the least reduction across most yield attributes. For instance, it exhibited only a similar to 10% reduction in grain yield under drought conditions, outperforming WH1080 and PBW175 which showed 25-30% yield reduction across several parameters. This suggests that PBW644 is comparatively more drought-tolerant, making it a promising genotype for cultivation under water-limited conditions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified key root traits, including root diameter, root length, and lateral root density, as significant contributors to drought tolerance and yield in wheat genotypes. Strong correlations between root anatomical traits and yield highlight the critical role of deeper root systems and higher lateral root density in enhancing drought resilience.