Luffa cylindrica, known as sponge gourd, stands out for its potential for use in several cosmetic, domestic and aircraft upholstery segments stands out. However, each segment requires specificity, so that genetic variability of the species can become a limiting factor in its exploitation. Thus, this study aimed to morphologically characterize 13 accessions and molecularly characterize 24 accessions of sponge gourd belonging to the Cucurbit Germplasm Collection of the Center for Agricultural Sciences of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region. A field experiment was installed.. At ripening, were evaluated for 15 descriptors. For molecular characterization, ISSR primers were used. The data obtained with the morphological and molecular characterization separated the accessions into different cluster configurations, denoting wide genetic variability. Considering the morphological descriptors, the medial circumference of the fruit (26.7%) had the most significant contribution to the divergence found. Accessions A12, A19, A23 and A24 are indicated for the dermo-cosmetic sector, while accessions A19 and A23 are the most indicated for the vegetable sponge market since light fibers with soft diversity.