Lake Wetlands in arid regions are vital ecological components that provide essential hydrological and biogeochemical functions. The Taitema Lake wetland, located in a highly sensitive arid environment, plays a critical role in supporting regional biodiversity and ecological stability. This study utilizes remote sensing data and field monitoring data to assess the relationship among hydrological connectivity, groundwater levels, and water quality in the Taitema Lake wetland through models such as Mann-Kendall trend analysis and gradient boosting trees. Results indicate that the wetland's hydrological connectivity exhibits distinct cyclical variations, showing an overall trend of initial increase followed by decline, peaking in 2010. Groundwater levels have been continuously decreasing and are unlikely to recover to pre-2010 levels in the short term. A critical threshold exists between groundwater levels and hydrological connectivity: connectivity exceeding this threshold paradoxically triggers a downward trend in groundwater levels. Following ecological water conveyance after implementation, overall ion concentrations in the water body decreased, with cations exerting a greater influence on hydrological connectivity than anions. This study clarifies the coupling of connectivity, groundwater, and water quality, offering insights for wetland restoration and water management.