2025-12-19 AGRICULTURE-BASEL 2025 16(卷), 1(期), (null页)
Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions increasingly stresses groundwater resources, compromising their availability and quality. In this context, desalinated seawater (DSW) represents a sustainable alternative when combined with conventional water sources and efficient irrigation systems. This study assessed the effect of three irrigation treatments on greenhouse-grown tomato crops in an open hydroponic system. The treatment T1 used only DSW, while T2 and T3 were mixtures of DSW and groundwater in different proportions to achieve electrical conductivities (EC) of 2.5 (T1), 3.5 (T2), and 5.5 dS