Identifying producer perspectives on groundwater management and repurposed land strategies in Kern County, California

Bartel, Gracie , Quandt, Amy , Larsen, Ashley , Sousa, Dan

2025-11-01 WATER POLICY 2025   27(卷), 11(期), (1232-1249页)

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California's San Joaquin Valley is a major agricultural region, but its reliance on irrigated farming has caused severe groundwater overdraft, leading to land subsidence and potential seismic risks. To address this, the 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) aims to achieve groundwater sustainability by 2040. Compliance with SGMA is expected to remove significant land from production, prompting efforts to repurpose former farmland for multibenefit uses. Since most of this land is privately owned, understanding producer perspectives is essential. This study explores those perspectives through interviews with 9 producers and analysis of 91 local newspaper articles. Data were coded using NVivo software to identify patterns related to SGMA impacts and land repurposing views. Results show producers experience uncertainty and frustration with SGMA but remain cautiously optimistic about future social and environmental benefits. SGMA has also encouraged more stakeholder collaboration. Solar energy projects and groundwater recharge were seen as promising repurposing options, while habitat conservation efforts were seen as less viable without financial incentives. These findings offer insights into how policy-driven land transitions are perceived by producers and provide guidance for similar efforts in other arid and semi-arid regions worldwide.