Mapping and managing Earth's mineral resources demands advanced techniques for characterizing surface composition, a challenge that can be effectively addressed by spaceborne Earth observation. Thermal Infrared (TIR) sensors hosted on orbital platforms provide a powerful tool for regional scale (similar to 1000 s.km(2)), high-resolution (<= 100 m) identification of mineral composition and surface thermal properties. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of multispectral TIR image data acquired by the ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) spaceborne sensors with near-global coverage to produce the first mineral maps of the Earth's arid and semi-arid regions. TIR data complement Visible to ShortWave Infrared (VSWIR) data because the most important rock-forming minerals do not have features in the VSWIR. Thus, integrating TIR-derived mineralogy is essential to comprehensively map the surface composition and interpret the geology. The mapping results were validated at three sites-the Algodones Dunes (quartz), White Sands Dunes (gypsum), and Mehdi Ridge (calcite)-showing strong spatial and abundance agreement with laboratory data from field samples and reference literature. These results confirm the reliability of high spatial resolution multispectral TIR data in capturing major surface mineral distributions.