The combined stress of global warming and soil contamination with Cd jeopardizes food security. However, the effects of global warming on Cd accumulation in crops grown in Cd-contaminated soils in arid regions remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of growth and Cd uptake by wheat in calcareous soils contaminated with Cd in arid regions. A field warming experiment was conducted with constant + 2 degrees C infrared heating throughout the wheat growing season, representing the late 21st-century warming projected under the high CO2 emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. Results showed that warming reduced wheat plant height and grain yield by 18.45 % and 20.12 %, respectively. Additionally, soil pH, CaCO3, SOM, and available P content were decreased under warming by 0.11 units, 5.29 g kg-1, 2.47 g kg-1, and 10.71 mg kg-1, respectively. In contrast, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, and catalase in warming soil increased by 28.56 %, 9.46 %, and 11.55 %, respectively. Driven by these factors, warming increased the soil exchangeable Cd concentration by 48.23 % but decreased the Cd concentrations of organic, oxidized, and carbonate species by 20.99 %, 18.30 %, and 12.92 %, respectively, which led to soil bioavailable Cd concentration increasing by 206.65 %. As a result, warming increased the Cd concentration in wheat grains by 38.10 %, exceeding the maximum level of 0.1 mg kg-1 set by the National Food Safety Standard of China. Our results demonstrate that warming enhances soil Cd bioavailability through rhizosphere microenvironment changes and simultaneously alters wheat agronomic traits, jointly promoting grains Cd accumulation, providing a foundation for understanding crop responses to combined warming and Cd stress in arid regions.