Groundwater salinization is considered as one of the most presiding geochemical processes that degrade the water quality and complicate water resource management. The current study is focused on the Yamuna River basin to assess hydrogeochemical processes in the quaternary shallow alluvial aquifer. A total of 107 groundwater samples were collected from various locations across the study area and analyzed for major cations and anions. The study results indicate that there was a hierarchy among the dominating anions of Cl > HCO3 > SO4 > NO3 > CO3 > F and the major cations were as Na > Mg > Ca > K, and most of the water samples were poor to unfit for drinking when compared to BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) drinking water standards. The calculated irrigation indices, including Sodium %age (Na percent), MH (Magnesium Hazard), SAR (sodium adsorption ratio), KR (Kelly's Ratio), PI (Permeability Index), & RSC (sodium carbonate) show low to moderate influence on the soil. However, the Revelle index and corrosivity ratio show high aggression in the water toward corrosion. The mineral saturation indices are shown over-saturation with SIDolomite > SICalcite > SIAragonite, whereas it has shown under saturation with SIGypsum > SIFlourite > SIAnhydrite > SIHalite > SISylvite that shows the dissolution of minerals. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that 30.6% variance to the entire contamination load is explained by domestic and industrial origin, 26.6% is completely anthropogenic, and 9.3% is geogenic origin.