This study evaluates the potential of Lathyrus sativus as a sustainable feed ingredient for laying hens, particularly within Mediterranean arid environments where feed resources are scarce and sustainable agricultural practices are crucial. Two genotypes of Lathyrus sativus, distinguished by white and purple flowers, were chemically characterized and incorporated at 10% into the diet of laying hens. Eighteen hens (average age = 6 months; average weight = 1.4 +/- 0.2 kg) fed these Lathyrus-enriched diets showed increased final body weight, with the white-flowered group reaching 1562.22 g, and no mortality was recorded. The average daily weight gain in the white-flowered group was 3.15 g.day(-)(1), slightly higher than the control, although the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The chemical analyses revealed no significant differences in protein, fat, or fiber content between the two Lathyrus genotypes. Furthermore, the Lathyrus-based diets contributed positively to egg quality, enhancing eggshell strength, and increasing crude protein content in the vitellus compared to the control. These findings confirm that Lathyrus sativus can be safely integrated into hen diets at 10%, enhancing egg quality without compromising growth performance. This reinforces the value of Lathyrus sativus as a locally available, resource-efficient, offering potential as a climate-resilient feed ingredient for arid Mediterranean environments. Its integration into poultry feed systems aligns with the goals of promoting sustainability, environmental resilience, and resource optimization in Mediterranean arid regions, offering a viable solution to feed scarcity and contributing to food security.