Resource conservation practices (RCPs) are among the most important management interventions for achieving sustainable yield and soil quality without adverse effects on crop production systems and soil health. India produces huge amounts of crop residues that remain largely unused. In view of the importance of the resource conservation materials in regenerating natural resources and conserving soil organic carbon (SOC), the present experiment was planned to study the effect of RCPs on yield and soil quality in semi-arid regions of India. The experiment consisted of rotating cotton and soybean crops with the general recommended dose of fertilizer (GRDF) alone and along with 25% N through Sesbania aculeata loppings; SAL, composted cotton stalk; CCS, wheat straw; WS, sorghum stubble; SS, neem cake; NC and 100% N through farmyard manure; FYM, 50% N through FYM, 50% N through Leucaena leucocephala loppings; LLL along with P through phosphocompost; PC. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications. The application of GRDF and sole application of organics significantly increased the seed cotton and soybean yield. The bulk density (BD), hydraulic conductivity (HC), SOC, SOC stock, and available nutrients were improved with the application of GRDF through FYM and P through PC in cotton - soybean cropping rotation. Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), CO2 evolution, soil quality index (SQI), and sustainable yield index (SYI) were higher with the application of GRDF through FYM and P through PC. SYI of cotton and soybean were significantly and positively correlated with SQI and soil properties.