This study analyses how irrigation has altered meteorological conditions and atmospheric evaporation capacity (ETpen). The results revealed that the expansion of irrigation from 1956 to 1997 led to a greater increase in the daily relative humidity (RH) of approximately 0.73% per decade, a decrease in the ETpen of approximately 0.10 mm/day per decade, and a greater increase in daily air temperature (T-2) of approximately 0.01 degrees C per decade at agricultural stations more than at natural stations. After 1998, with water-saving irrigation, wind speed at 2 m (U-2) increased by approximately 0.14 m/s per decade, RH decreased by approximately 2.66% per decade, ETpen increased by approximately 0.26 mm/day per decade, and T-2 increased by approximately 0.22 degrees C per decade. Irrigation impacts were strongest between June and August, closely linked to irrigation intensity. Specifically, for every 100 mm increase in irrigation, T-2, underlying surface temperature (TSK), and ETpen decreased by an average of 0.11 degrees C, 0.18 degrees C and 0.06 mm per day, respectively, whereas RH increased by 0.60%. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating irrigation-induced climate feedback mechanisms into agricultural water resource management and climate adaptation strategies in arid regions.