Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce, known as 'Khejri' or 'Ghaf,' thrives in arid regions of India and Arabia, playing a vital ecosystem role. This resilient tree excels at nitrogen fixation, soil stabilization, and providing valuable resources. Beyond its ecological significance, it holds cultural importance and offers remedies, agro-ecological support, and erosion control. Various parts of the tree are used for food, medicine, and more, containing bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Furthermore, it exhibits promising results in wound healing, anti-leukemic effects, and addressing male infertility. Though limited but key studies done in P. cineraria, have explored genomic resources. The current data includes nuclear genome sequence, chloroplast genome sequence, leaf transcriptome, and a few molecular markers revealing genetic diversity and molecular phylogeny. The 691.4 mega base pairs long nuclear genome has been recently sequenced, uncovering 76,554 protein-coding genes. Molecular marker-based studies have analysed the genetic diversity of P. cineraria and its relatedness to other species of the Fabaceae family. P. cineraria not only serves as an important natural resource but it also provides a pool of genomic resources, which upon identification and characterization may be of important application to engineer extreme climate-resistant plants. In this review we aim to discuss the key research in the area of functional genomics that have been explored in P. cineraria and highlight the unexplored genomic potential. The present review will help us to understand the importance of genomic exploration of P. cineraria. Expanding molecular approaches to unexplored dimensions of P. cineraria would be useful for identifying novel abiotic stress-regulating factors that could be used in other plants for abiotic stress-resilient plant production.