Reaction of Minimal Streamflow to Natural Factors in the Context of Climate Uncertainty
2025-09-01 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2025 39(卷), 12(期), (6009-6025页)
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This study analyzes long-term changes in minimal streamflow in the Zhaiyk-Caspian Water Management Basin (WMB), Western Kazakhstan, under climate variability. Using extensive hydrometeorological datasets (monthly discharge and daily meteorological records) from 1940 to 2021, the research assesses trends in low-flow characteristics across 18 hydrological posts. The analysis distinguishes two climatic periods: climate stabilization (pre-1973) and climate change (1974-2021). The methodology integrates hydrological and statistical analyses, including minimal monthly discharges, low-flow durations, soil freezing depths, and thaw frequencies. Findings reveal a widespread increase in winter low flows-up to 5.2 times-due to reduced frost depths and more frequent thaw events, enhancing groundwater contributions. Conversely, summer-autumn flows declined in several rivers, with drying trends linked to rising air temperatures and precipitation deficits. This study offers a novel, regionally adapted methodology for characterizing minimal streamflow under climate change, providing critical insights for hydrological drought assessment and water resource planning in arid and semi-arid environments.
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