2025-11-01 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2025 523(卷), null(期), (null页)
Solar thermal evaporation technology and its hybridization have emerged as the most promising water purification and desalination technology. However, low evaporation performance and low condensation yields in intermittent solar intensity influence their efficiency and effectiveness. To address these concerns, an intelligent strategy is developed to achieve high evaporation performances with enhanced condensation yields under low-intensity conditions. The innovative solar evaporator is constructed by sequential impregnation of zirconium nanoparticles onto a carbon cloth (ZrCNPs/CC), and its in-situ polymerization of polydopamine (PDA@ZrCNPs/CC) realizes intensified heat accumulation with effective thermal management. The PDA@ZrCNPs/CC solar evaporator linearly escalates the evaporation rate from 2.88 kg m(-2) h(-1) under 1 kW m(-2) to 4.10 kg m(-2) h(-1) under electrothermal effects (4.5 V) with exceptional interfacial heat accumulation (>150 degrees C). Thanks to the optical and electrical properties of PDA@ZrCNPs/CC fabric, the combined photothermal-electrothermal effect endows an extraordinary water evaporation rate (8.50 kg m(-2) h(-1)) higher than many hybrid solar evaporators. This intensified localized heating at the air-liquid interface with effective thermal management endows 68.4 L m(-2) freshwater yields per day (9 h sunlight irradiation), meeting the daily drinking water demand of 27 adults, enhancing overall system efficiency for sustainable water desalination in arid regions.