During the advancement of modern rural construction, traditional villages in the Xinjiang Oasis face the problem that uncoordinated system development affects scientific development and protection. Therefore, this study derives and constructs a coupling framework for the "Ecology-Humanities-Technology" system. Taking 53 traditional villages in Xinjiang as research objects, it uses the comprehensive evaluation model, the coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, and the geographic detector model to reveal the coupling coordination relationships and driving factors of the "Ecology-Humanities-Technology" system. The research results provide reference for evaluation methods and theoretical guidance for the balanced development of traditional villages in arid regions such as the Xinjiang Oasis. The results show the following: (1) The majority of the traditional villages in the Xinjiang Oasis are in the mild imbalance stage (71.7%). (2) The CCD rankings in various regions of Xinjiang are as follows: eastern Xinjiang > southern Xinjiang > northern Xinjiang. Humanities and technology have significantly different impacts on the traditional villages in different regions. (3) The inheritance level of the technology dimension and other factors are the main internal driving factors. The density of village road networks, the number of conservation and development projects, Baidu Index, and other factors are the main external driving factors. Nonlinear enhancement interaction effects are significant.