The provision of artificial water resources for livestock in communal rangelands in arid environments is a major driver of land degradation. This study examined the impact of waterpoints on woody plant species composition and structure in the Omuntele communal rangeland, Namibia. Fieldwork was conducted during the dry season at three waterpoints within the rangeland. The study employed a randomised block design, with quadrats placed at 50 m intervals radiating from each waterpoint. Results show the effects of distance from waterpoints on species richness, abundance, diversity, and evenness of woody species. The results further reveal variations in woody plant structural attributes across distance from waterpoints. Pearson's correlation indicated complex relationships between woody vegetation composition and structure, suggesting an interplay between vegetation structural attributes, richness, diversity, and evenness. The findings improved our understanding of ecological dynamics in rangeland ecosystems, particularly concerning how structural variations affect ecological functions. For example, alterations in vegetation structure may have an impact on it's grazing and browsing value for livestock, and forest resource availability to the local communities. They may also influence biodiversity within the area due to habitat change. These revelations are essential for developing sustainable land management strategies that meet the requirements of communities and their livestock.