Soil erosion poses a critical threat to global ecosystems, water resources, and agricultural productivity. This study assesses how Sustainable Land Management (SLM) mitigates sediment export and improves climate resilience using the InVEST Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) model across 12 Moroccan basins, representative of Mediterranean and arid environments. Our results identify significant hotspots in northern basins, where steep slopes and annual rainfall exceeding 500 mm drive erosion rates up to 14,700 tons per year, contributing substantially to downstream sediment transport. Conversely, arid basins exhibit lower erosion rates due to reduced precipitation and gentler slopes but struggle with sediment retention, with efficiencies below 50%. SLM interventions, such as a 25% increase in soil organic matter in agricultural lands, reduced sediment export by over 25% in northern basins and decreased sediment loss by more than 1 ton per hectare annually in vulnerable agricultural areas. These measures were especially effective in forested and terraced landscapes, enhancing sediment retention and minimizing impacts on reservoirs and water systems. This study underscores the dynamic nature of erosion and sediment transport under varying environmental and management conditions. By integrating high-resolution spatial data with scenario-based modeling, it provides a transferable framework for implementing SLM practices in erosion-prone regions. The findings emphasize the necessity of adaptive management to address soil erosion and inform sustainable land-use planning globally. [GRAPHICS] .