Globally desertification is a threat to the sustenance of life in many areas around the world, and it is increasing due to changing climatic conditions. Rajasthan, located in western India, is one of the states most affected by desertification. The present study focuses to assess and model desertification vulnerability for the entire state of Rajasthan. The study utilized satellite remote sensing data in a GIS environment and developed indices such as Soil Quality Index, Vegetation Quality Index, Climate Quality Index and Socio-economic Quality Index through analyzing 15 desertification indicators to delineate environmentally sensitive areas, prone to desertification. We derived weights for different thematic layers by applying the AHP technique, and finally generated a Desertification Vulnerability Index. We observed that nearly 20.53% of the study area was under moderate vulnerability, 11.67% was under high vulnerability, and 6.65% was under very high desertification vulnerability. As 38.85% of the area is under moderate to very high desertification vulnerability, thus implementing measures to combat desertification is imperative in this area. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the AHP, while the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis with an AUC (0.78) value validated the accuracy and performance of the vulnerability classification. Google Earth Engine based Dashboard application was made for better visualization. Moreover, Rajasthan being largely an arid region, it is particularly vulnerable to desertification related disaster. Manuscript clearly describes the relevance of the desertification vulnerability assessment within a risk reduction context, emphasizing its utility for early warning, sustainable land management, and regional planning.