Mahmoud, Mohamed M. , Abuarab, Mohamed E. , Shaban, Ayman , Ghoniem, Elsayed Youssief
2025-12-01 EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY 2025 47(卷), 4(期), (963-1003页)
THE RESEARCH focused on the sustainable management of irrigation water for orange farming in sandy soils with varying salinity levels, aiming to enhance the utilization of sustainable ecosystems while maximizing farmers' economic benefits. Field trials were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons, specifically from 2023 to 2025, utilizing six different irrigation techniques: T-tape GR drippers, online drippers, online PC drippers, mist sprayers, the Root Zone Watering System (RZWS), and bubblers. In the second growing season, the T-tape (GR) method achieved the highest yield of 27.54 ton ha-1, while both the Bubbler and online PC dripper treatments yielded 27.54 ton ha-1and 24.06 ton ha-1, respectively. The mist sprayer produced the lowest yield at 18.09 ton ha-1. In terms of irrigation water productivity (IWP), the T-tape (GR) recorded an IWP of 6.08 kg m-3 in the first growing season, closely followed by the online PC dripper at 5.37 kg m-3. Conversely, the RZWS demonstrated the lowest IWP, at only 3.12 kg m-3 during the second growing season. The highest net farm income (NFI) was reported for the T-tape GR at 8296.74 US$ y-1 (dollars per year), followed by the Bubbler and online PC dripper systems, which yielded net farm incomes of 7568.98 US$ y-1 and 7437.07 US$ y-1", respectively. The RZWS had the lowest NFI, amounting to 4408.40 US$ y-1.