Heavy reliance on fossil fuels for power generation leads to significant energy waste, high operating costs, and substantial CO2 emissions, highlighting the urgent need for climate-responsive solutions, such as hydrogen-based energy systems. This article introduces and optimizes a novel hydrogen-based multi-generation system that combines Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer (PEME), and an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) to enhance thermodynamic performance and reduce environmental impacts. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Minitab, six system scenarios incorporating different organic fluids and oils in the ORC are evaluated under varying climatic conditions (Paris, London, San Francisco, and Dubai), representing temperate, maritime, and hot desert climates. The optimal scenario achieves an Exergy Round Trip Efficiency (ERTE) of 64.28%, a cost rate reduction of 62.5 $/h, and a CO2 emission decrease of 56.26 kg kWh-1. The findings suggest that strategic deployment of the proposed system in temperate climates substantially boosts system performance and reduces environmental cost. This research offers practical and theoretical advancements in sustainable hydrogen-based power solutions, directly contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 7 and 13 through improved energy efficiency, reduced emissions, and climate-responsive design. Future work should explore adaptive control strategies, low-cost materials, and assessments in extreme climates.