Rising pressures on food and energy intensify competition for land. Agrivoltaic systems (AVs) have been examined as a potential form of dual-use infrastructure, wherein photovoltaic (PV) modules are integrated with agricultural crops and/or livestock. A synthesis of empirical trial and field case study evidence is employed to evaluate the technological performance, agronomic responses, and sustainability outcomes across a range of configurations, including elevated, vertical, tracking, and semitransparent designs, in diverse climates. The observed microclimatic moderation included lower canopy and soil temperatures, reduced evapotranspiration, and higher soil moisture heterogeneity. In arid regions, there was a prevalence of enhanced water-use efficiency (WUE). The outcomes reported in this study were found to be crop- and design-specific. Vegetables and orchards that are able to tolerate shade exhibited robust performance, while cereals demonstrated comparatively lower productivity. Conversely, cereals, root crops, and legumes exhibited greater sensitivity to low density or limited rainfall. The integration of managed grazing has been demonstrated to enhance land-use efficiency and deliver co-benefits to animal welfare. The energy yields from AVs exhibited site dependence, yet they remained within the range of conventional ground-mounts for elevated systems. A trade-off between annual output and better alignment with morning-evening demand was exhibited by vertical bifacial arrays. Across a range of studies, the land equivalent ratio (LER) consistently exceeded 1.2, indicating aggregate productivity gains relative to singleuse land. The co-benefits of this initiative included a reduction in crop losses due to hail, heat, and frost, as well as opportunities for vegetation that support biodiversity. Concurrently, persistent constraints were identified, including mechanization and access barriers, soiling and cleaning protocols compatible with food safety, uncertain long-term soil-contaminant interactions, and grid interconnection limits. AVs offer a pathway toward multifunctional, low-carbon agricultural landscapes. This is possible when designs are tailored to the context, supported by policy, and aligned with climate-resilient strategies.