Comprehensive Analysis and Optimization Techniques for Preventing Cracking During Soil Electrokinetic Remediation

Abou-Shady, Ahmed , El-Araby, Heba , Osman, Mohamed A.

2025-07-29 INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL 2025   null(卷), null(期), (null页)

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In arid and semi-arid areas, soil cracking occurs naturally as a result of evaporation-induced water loss. Soil electrokinetic (SEK) remediation is a physicochemical process used in various fields and relies on four mechanisms: electromigration, electroosmosis (EO), diffusion, and electrophoresis. EO is primarily responsible for depleting pore water, which, in conjunction with other factors, leads to the formation of cracks in treated soils. These cracks negatively impact SEK remediation efficiency by destabilizing long-term EO operation, reducing current passing, disrupting contaminant pathways, altering pH distribution, voltage loss at the electrodes, increasing electrical resistance, and raising energy consumption. The present analysis serves as an extension to recent review publications, focusing on SEK remediation process optimization and intensification through apparatus design modification, electrode movement/approaching, reverse polarity, pulsed electric field, chemical addition, as well as incorporating perforated electrodes, pipes, and nozzles. The analysis focuses on illustrating the phenomenon of SEK crack (SEK-Crack) formation. This study addresses a number of SEK-Crack-related topics, such as: (a) process mechanism, (b) case studies detailing SEK-Crack's creation, (c) negative effects and recommendations for overcoming SEK-Crack formation, and (d) future research directions. SEK-Crack formation can be mitigated by selecting appropriate SEK designs, avoiding high temperatures, evaporation, and leakage, installing a vacuum system, controlling applied voltage, applying dynamic consolidation, adding supporting materials, and implementing vibration. Research on mitigating SEK-Crack formation during SEK remediation is limited, and the proposed future research plan addresses this gap.