Analysis of the temporal pattern of storms in three different climates of Iran

Vakili Azar, Saina , Dinpashoh, Yagob , Asl, Saeed Jahanbakhsh

2025-10-01 ACTA GEOPHYSICA 2025   73(卷), 5(期), (5117-5135页)

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Understanding the temporal distribution of rainfall is crucial for effective water management. In this study, the patterns of 1983 historical storms, as recorded at 16 rain gauge stations across three climatic regions in Iran, were analyzed. Huff curves were plotted for the stations in three distinct classes. The binary shape code method was used to detect storm patterns. Six newly defined ratios were calculated for each station based on the area under the median Huff curve in the four quartiles. Results showed that for most stations, the storms were identified as second, followed by the third quartile. The differences between the means of the dimensionless rainfalls in each quartile were tested between three possible pairs of climates in Iran. For storms with less than a six-hour duration, there was no significant difference between any pair of climates for all four possible quartiles. For storms with 6-12 h durations, similar results were found for the first and second quartiles. In the third quartile, the averages between the semi-humid and semi-arid climates of Iran were dissimilar. For fourth quartile storms, there was no similarity between the humid and semi-humid climates on one side and the humid and semi-arid climates on the other side. For more than 12-h class storms, although there was a statistically significant difference in the second quartile between the pairs of climates, no significant difference was found for the 3rd quartile. About half of the tests in the 1st and 4th quartiles passed the test for averages of dimensionless rainfall depths between the pairs of climates; however, the remaining cases failed. In most of the events, the binary code was 0111 in humid and semi-humid climates. The code was 1111 in a semi-arid climate using the first mode of the binary approach. In the second mode, and for all three climates, the highest frequency belonged to code 1111, followed by codes 0000, 0111, 0011, and 0001, respectively. According to the dendrogram, the first group of storms, i.e., " < 6 h", had three distinct clusters. The second group of storms, i.e., "6-12 h," also had three distinct clusters, however, the third group had four distinct clusters.