This study investigates the influence of rhizosphere dynamics and soil chemical properties on the distribution, abundance, and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) across two seasons (summer and winter). A total of 11 rhizospheric soil and root samples were collected from various wild plant species, including Senna italica, Cyperus laevigatus, Phragmites australis, Pelargonium peltatum, Zygophyllum simplex, Citrullus colocynthis, Malva parviflora, Zygophyllum coccineum, Calotropis procera, Solanum nigrum, and Salsola baryosm. Phragmites australis exhibited the highest AMF spore count (175 and 124/100 g dry soil in summer and winter), while Calotropis procera showed the lowest (101 and 63/100 g). AMF species identified included Glomus ambisporum, Rhizophagus intraradices, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora globifera, Funneliformis geosporum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus fasciculatus, and Gigaspora spp. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.692 (Zygophyllum simplex) to 0.653 (Salsola imbricata), and Simpson's index from 0.498 to 0.461. Phragmites australis recorded the highest root colonization (90.5% and 84.7%), arbuscule (76% and 69.3%), and vesicle formation (36%) in summer, while Calotropis procera had the lowest. In summer, AMF spore counts showed significant correlations with soil nutrients (N, P, K), and with total organic carbon (TOC) and organic matter (OM). During winter, TOC and OM remained influential, while correlations with nutrients weakened. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and texture exhibited minimal correlation with AMF spore counts in both seasons.