This study examines how gender roles and regional factors influence water resource management in rural Brazilian communities. Despite differing environmental conditions, Cear & aacute; and Esp & iacute;rito Santo regions share community-managed water systems with state involvement. The research highlights how these factors affect women's participation in water management, revealing significant gender disparities. In Cear & aacute;, with its hot and semi-arid climate, women struggle with the dual demands of unpaid domestic labor and community responsibilities, limiting their involvement in water management. In contrast, women in Esp & iacute;rito Santo, a region with a subtropical climate and more rainfall, have a stronger presence in water committees but show less interest in broader community associations. The study identifies patriarchal norms and the lack of recognition of women's contributions as key barriers to their participation. The findings suggest that despite regional differences, gender inequalities are a common challenge. Women are often marginalized, facing skepticism and a lack of trust, which hampers their role in decision-making. The study advocates for strategies at both the legislative and social levels to address these disparities, including gender-focused education and integrating women's needs into water management policies. Promoting women's involvement is crucial for equitable resource distribution and enhancing the resilience of rural communities.