Paleoenvironment changes in the northern Mongolia over the past 14,000 years have been reconstructed through a multi-proxy analysis of soil-sediment sequences. The chronology was established using eighteen AMS 14C dates from three sections within the Orkhon River basin. Each section contains complex friable sediments with several heterochronous paleosols separated by units of various genesis, mainly aeolian and fluvial. The paleosols were formed during periods of stable landscapes under optimal bioclimatic conditions. The interbedded sediment (mainly sandy silt units) displays the phases of soil degradation due to frequent droughts and increased aeolian processes. Our results suggest that noticeably climatic and environmental changes occurred at the end of the Late Glacial. The wet climate of the Allerod interstadial (ca. 14-13.5 ka cal BP) changed to the dry climate of the Younger Dryas event (ca. 13-11.5 ka cal BP). The region was covered with steppe and desert steppe vegetation before similar to 11.5 ka cal BP. A generally warm and wet climate prevailed in the region during the early Holocene (ca. 11-9 ka cal BP). At that time, the region's vegetation was steppe, meadow steppes, and forest steppe. Unstable climate conditions existed in the middle Holocene (ca. 8.5-3.0 ka cal BP), and significantly drier conditions were recorded between 6.0 and 3.5 ka cal BP. The early Holocene humid forest-steppe conditions were replaced by drier steppe conditions in the middle Holocene. After 3.5 ka cal BP the climate became wetter and warmer. The late Holocene was featured by meadow steppe predominance under increased moisture conditions.