We report the geochemical composition of a 13 m deep core (Core SAQA 22) drilled in the Saqqara-Memphis floodplain, as well as the isotopic ratios (S13C and S18O) of freshwater Corbicula shells. Core SAQA 22 consists mainly of Middle-Late Holocene floodplain sediments (units II-VI) that unconformably overly Late Pleistocene sand and gravel (Unit 1). The findings show variations in S18O and S13C values, suggesting intermittent periods of high evaporation/precipitation ratios and moister environments during the Middle Holocene. Due to the prevalence of dry conditions than what exists today, the S18O enrichment and mild S13C depletion in the upper part of the core point to less productive paleoenvironments during the Late Holocene. The consecutive climatic variations experienced in ancient Egypt, as deduced from the Saqqara-Memphis floodplain, are outlined as follows: (1) the Predynastic period (7-5.2 kyr cal BP) is generally wet; (2) the Old Kingdom (5.2-4.2 kyr cal BP) had dry local climate conditions for the first half of its existence, which later became wetter during the Late Old Kingdom; (3) the Old Kingdom ended with a brief period of aridity; (4) the Middle Kingdom (4-3.7 kyr cal BP) had a local climate that was both moist and wet, with a brief dry phase at the end; (5) the New Kingdom ended with dry conditions; (6) the local climate turned arid after the Late Period (3-2.3 kyr cal BP); (7) an arid climate was established in the Nile Basin after 2.7 kyr cal BP, with notable drought periods at 1.2 and 0.6 kyr cal BP.