This study evaluates the microclimatic conditions of Fath-Abad Garden in Kerman, Iran, through field measurements and questionnaire surveys conducted during both summer and winter seasons. Mobile meteorological instruments were used to record variables influencing outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). The collected data were simulated using ENVI-met software and subsequently validated. Thermal comfort was assessed using the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index. Fourteen scenarios were developed for each season, focusing on three key factors: the central axis structure, surface material albedo, and vegetation type. These scenarios aimed to analyze the influence of both hardscape and softscape modifications on OTC. Simulation results showed that PET decreased by 1.95(degrees)C in summer and increased by 1.32(degrees)C in winter. This study proposes a season-sensitive and integrative approach that analyzes the combined impacts of vegetation species, surface albedo, and water features, offering practical design strategies to enhance OTC in historic urban gardens in arid climates. The findings highlight a hybrid strategy inspired by the traditional Persian garden model, focusing on a balanced mix of deciduous and evergreen trees with medium-albedo materials to ensure thermal comfort in both hot and cold seasons. This methodological and practical contribution combines empirical surveys with simulations, providing transferable design strategies for enhancing OTC in urban gardens and open spaces of arid and semi-arid cities facing climate change pressures.