Zooplankton/Benthos community composition and dynamics in a hyper-arid mangrove system and its adjacent beach

Extreme weather effects on marine communities are of utmost relevance and remain poorly understood. Hyper-arid mangroves represent unhospitable habitats hosting planktonic/benthic communities under such conditions. In this study, a hyper-arid mangrove and its immediately adjacent beach were sampled over 12 months, covering all four seasons, using tidal movements. The communities were dominated by calanoid copepods, crustacean zoeae, and ostracods - ecologically relevant groups that play key roles in nutrient cycling and trophic dynamics. Planktonic/benthic communities at Al Dakhira Mangrove exhibited remarkable tolerance to extreme salinity (up to 70 ppt) and high water temperatures (up to 40 degrees C), conditions by far exceeding those of typical mangrove systems. Distinct community compositions were observed between the mangrove's main channel and its riparian area, despite being less than 2 m apart. Assemblages tended to display demersal behavior at the riparian channel, despite its intimate proximity to the main channel, as indicated by beta diversity indices in summer and by trajectory analysis in all seasons. Functional diversity showed a seasonal rise in detritivores after summer, likely a latent response to extreme temperatures. This study stands as a pioneer descriptor of planktonic and benthic communities using tidal movements while also assessing a plausible migration of species at the mangrove to a nearby beach.