This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Tacinga inamoena (K Schum.) N. P. Taylor & Stuppy through assessing plant morphology, physicochemical properties of the fruit, and RAPD markers within and between natural populations located in Brazil's semiarid region. Thirty individuals from three distinct populations were examined. Evaluation encompassed eighteen morphological and chemical traits, while eight RAPD markers were employed for molecular characterization. Both univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were conducted utilizing Snedecor's F tests and Wilks' criterion for the morphological and chemical data. Individuals were clustered employing the UPGMA hierarchical technique, with the standardized Euclidean distance used for morphological data and the complement of the Jaccard index for molecular data. Molecular diversity investigation entailed the estimation of the percentage of polymorphic loci, Nei distance, Shannon index, and gene flow. Findings demonstrate variability in T. inamoena for both plant morphological and fruit physicochemical attributes. RAPD technique effectively aided in characterizing and analyzing the genetic diversity of T. inamoena individuals. Particularly, the OPM7 primer emerged as the most informative, hence recommended for divergence studies concerning T. inamoena. A significant genetic divergence of 78% was noted within populations, highlighting higher variability within T. inamoena populations. Among the three, the Ass & uacute; population exhibited the greatest morphological, physicochemical, and molecular diversity, thus identified as a priority for genetic improvement programs and conservation of genetic resources.