Climate warming and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can substantially influence the structure and functions of the terrestrial biosphere. Understanding how these factors affect community stability in the context of recurrent droughts is essential for maintaining the sustainability of ecosystem services. A five-year (2006-2010) manipulative experiment, during which two droughts occurred in 2007 and 2009, was designed to examine the influences of warming and N addition on community resistance and resilience and whether these effects vary with recurrent droughts in a semi-arid grassland. During the whole experimental period, warming enhanced community resilience by 8.4 %. Nitrogen addition decreased community resistance by 31.6 % but increased community resilience by 10.4 %. A shift of warming effects on community resistance from neutral during the first drought to negative during the second drought was observed, attributed to the suppressed rare species resistance. A substantial warming-induced reduction in rare species biomass contributed to decreased community resistance during the second drought. The influences of N addition on community resilience were reversed from positive during the first drought to negative during the second drought, driven by divergent responses among plant functional groups. In contrast to the positive N effect on dominant species resilience observed in first drought, N addition weakened dominant species resilience and the asynchrony of subordinate species, leading to declines in community resilience during the second drought. These findings highlight that interannual precipitation anomalies, particularly increasingly frequent droughts, should be incorporated when assessing the sustainability of grassland ecosystem service under future global change scenarios.