The Ulansuhai Basin stands as the most crucial ecological and economic zone in northern China. Resource and environmental planning serves as a core strategy, aimed at mitigating the consumption of environmental resources induced by economic expansion within the Ulansuhai Basin and facilitating the synergistic development of the economy and the environment. In this paper, by taking the data of the economy, resource and water environment of the Ulansuhai Basin during the period from 2010 to 2022 as the research basis, a fuzzy multi-objective programming model for the resource-environment and socio-economic system was constructed. The results showed that within the planting industry, giving priority to the cultivation of sunflowers and corn will enable the model results to remain in an optimal state. In the field of animal husbandry, the quantity ratio of cows to pigs should be maintained at 1.5:1, and the quantity ratio of sheep to cows should be controlled at approximately 20:1; these ratio settings were conducive to ensuring the model remains in an optimal state. When the ratio of planting industry to animal husbandry was set at 13.16:1 (with the unit of "head" for livestock quantity and "hm2" for planting area), the model arrived at the optimal solution. This study, by virtue of its analysis of the coordination mechanism of economic development with environmental protection in typical watersheds, can provide meaningful policy references for realizing the synergistic enhancement of ecological quality and economic benefits in arid and semi-arid basins, fragile ecological carrying capacity, and the balance between agricultural production expansion and environmental pollution control in these regions.