Gao, Yalin , Fei, Liangjun , Hao, Kun , Peng, Youliang , Zhong, Yun , Shen, Fangyuan , Wang, Aixia
2025-12-09 IRRIGATION SCIENCE 2025 44(卷), 1(期), (null页)
In view of the serious shortage of soil and water resources in mountain orchards on the Loess Plateau, as well as the significant ineffective soil evaporation, the quality and high yield of fruit trees are severely restricted. In this study, 8 years old apple (Malus pumila Mill.) was selected as the research object, and the effects of different irrigation levels [soil moisture controlled by the percentage of field capacity (theta(f)): W1 (85%similar to 95%theta(f)), W2 (75%similar to 85%theta(f)), W3 (65%similar to 75%theta(f)) and W4 (55%similar to 65%theta(f))] and nitrogen application levels [N1 (600 kg.ha(-1)), N2 (450 kg.ha(-1)), N3 (300 kg.ha(-1)), N4 (150 kg.ha(-1))] on apple yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and fruit quality were analyzed. A multi-objective comprehensive evaluation was conducted to assess the effects of different water and nitrogen management strategies on apple production. The results showed as follows: (1) Apple yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount, and there was an obvious threshold value. The irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount corresponding to the highest apple yield (36637.09 kg.ha(-1)) in 2020 were 93.89 mm and 501.73 kg.ha(-1), respectively. The irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount corresponding to the highest apple yield (38419.43 kg.ha(-1)) in 2021 were 93.09 mm and 498.51 kg.ha(-1), respectively. Water and nitrogen regulation significantly affected the water and nitrogen use efficiency of apples. The treatment with moderate irrigation and nitrogen application (W2N2) achieved significantly higher water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen than the other treatments. Appropriate water and nitrogen supply could improve the quality indexes of soluble solid, vitamin C and soluble sugar of apples, reduce fruit the hardness and shape index, and significantly improve the fruit quality. (2) The evaluation ranking of the comprehensive production effect of apples under different treatments was significantly inconsistent due to different evaluation methods. To address this, the Fuzzy Borda method was used to combine the results of principal component analysis method, membership function method, rank sum ratio method and entropy weight TOPSIS method, and it was concluded that the W2N1 treatment achieved the highest comprehensive performance in both 2020 and 2021. (3) Based on the fuzzy Borda combination evaluation method, the comprehensive effect evaluation value of apples was evaluated by regression analysis. The results showed that when irrigation amounts and nitrogen application rates were 92.18 similar to 97.03 mm and 519.83 similar to 547.19 kg.ha(-1) in 2020, and 90.32 similar to 95.07 mm and 461.57 similar to 485.86 kg.ha(-1) in 2021, apples achieved better comprehensive production performance. This research can provide a theoretical reference for optimizing water and nitrogen management to improve apple yield, quality, and resource use efficiency in the Loess Plateau region.