Soil erosion is a process triggered by natural forces such as water and wind that strips away the soil layer from the Earth's surface and transports it elsewhere, posing a significant threat to agricultural production and human habitats. To quantify the temporal-spatial response of surface soil erosion to land use/land cover (LULC) and slope changes in Qianhe Graben during 2003-2018, remote sensing and DEM data were integrated to estimate by using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. Our results showed that the surface soil erosion in the study area was at a slight or low level and decreased with a rate of 0.74 t ha(-1) year(-1). The mean erosion rates of different LULC in Qianhe Graben followed by sloping cropland > barelands and residential areas > flat cropland > grasslands > woodland, which is related to the LULC transformation process. Finally, the total soil loss amounts are mainly distributed at the slope zones of 8 degrees-15 degrees and 15 degrees-25 degrees, particularly for cropland in hilly and gully areas. Overall, these results not only give evidence for the effectiveness of the "Grain-to-Green" Project but also give significant assistance for the implementation of soil and water conservation measures.