Food insecurity is a pressing issue in Africa, aggravated by escalating drought, jeopardizing the region's ability to meet nutritional requirements for human health. In arid and semiarid regions, crop yield is severely affected by drought and salinity. Thus, obtaining an effective crop development requires striking the right balance between growth and defense. This review delves into the potential of CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology to tackle these challenges by improving the nutritional quality of climate-resilient crops for SSA in the context of drought and soil salinity. We describe in detail opportunities for climate-resilient crops with nutritional traits that could be developed using CRISPR/Cas systems for potential cultivation in arid and semiarid regions of Africa. We discussed the crops, genes and specific pathways that could be targeted. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of aligning these scientific solutions with evolving policy frameworks, particularly favorable biosafety regulations concerning genome editing. In addition, we underscore the significance of capacity-building programs, which have the potential to revolutionize crop value chains, tapping solutions enabled through genome editing. By strategically integrating CRISPR/Cas technology and supporting policies alongside capacity-building initiatives and communication strategies, Africa can bolster food and nutritional security amidst climate change challenges. This approach not only addresses immediate nutritional needs but also fosters long-term resilience in the region's agricultural systems.