Contents: Straw and organic fertilizers are abundant organic resources in China. However, their impacts on crop productivity and environmental pollution are unclear, leading to underutilization. Methods and objectives: In 2020, a long-term experiment was conducted on the Loess Plateau to study the effects of organic resources on wheat (Longjian 301) productivity and environmental benefits to promote sustainable agricultural development. Four treatments were tested: (1) CK: unfertilized with complete straw removal; (2) FM: conventional inorganic fertilization with straw removal; (3) SI: straw incorporation combined with inorganic fertilization; and (4) SIOM: straw incorporation with 10 % organic substitution of inorganic fertilizer. Results: Organic resources regulated wheat productivity and environmental benefits by changing the soil properties, and SIOM was most effective. Straw decreased N2O emissions but increased NH3 emissions, and organic fertilizer decreased N2O and NH3 emissions. Compared with FM, SIOM increased the nitrogen use efficiency and wheat yield by 42.63 % and 28.31 %, respectively, reduced NH3 and N2O emissions by 24.18 % and 41.75 %, and decreased the partial carbon footprint (0.21 kg CO2-eq ha(-1) year(-1)) and nitrogen footprint (17.91 g N-eq kg(-1) grain) by 43.99 % and 26.40 % (all P < 0.05). SIOM obtained the highest net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB, 6249.49 CNY ha(-1)), which was 37.89 % and 9.27 % higher compared with FM and SI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Long-term organic resource incorporation enhanced the wheat productivity and mitigated environmental pollution, ultimately increasing NEEB, which was associated with the improvement of soil properties.