Evolution of East Asian summer monsoon precipitation amount over the past 130 kyr recorded by stalagmite trace element/Ca records from Zhenzhu Cave, North China

Tian, Yiping , Li, Yunxia , Rao, Zhiguo , Cheng, Hai

2025-12-01 SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES 2025   68(卷), 12(期), (4175-4185页)

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On orbital timescales, stable oxygen isotope (delta 18O) records from stalagmites in Central China and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) intensity/precipitation amount records reconstructed from loess-paleosol sequences in North China, have been suggested to show different change patterns. Here, high-resolution trace element/Ca ratios (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Al/Ca, P/Ca) of stalagmite PS1 from Zhenzhu (ZZ) cave in North China over the past 130 kyr have been reconstructed. Based on two years of monitoring results from ZZ cave and the relationships among trace element/Ca ratios, it is demonstrated that the PS1 Mg/Ca could be a robust indicator of local effective precipitation. The Mg/Ca and delta 3C records of stalagmite PS1 exhibit highly in-phase co-variations on multi-millennial to orbital timescales and consistent long-term trends over the past 130 kyr, which is supported by the loess-based EASM precipitation amount records from the western Chinese Loess Plateau. These similarities indicate that effective precipitation of the ZZ cave area is mainly controlled by EASM precipitation amount in North China, and also support the long-term variation trend of the EASM precipitation amount, that is, decreasing from marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e-MIS5c-MIS5a-MIS3, followed by an increase to MIS1. This long-term variation trend of EASM precipitation amount in North China over the past 130 kyr is primarily driven by solar insolation and global ice volume. These results confirm that proxies with the same indicative significance from both stalagmites and loess-paleosol profiles within the same region (such as North China) can corroborate each other.