Sugarcane cultivation holds strategic economic importance in Brazil, particularly for the sugar-energy sector. This study evaluates the Water Footprint (WF) of sugarcane production in hydrographic basins of Pernambuco, focusing on two contrasting regions: the semiarid Agreste and the humid Forest Zone. Based on climatic, soil, and crop data, the green (rainwater) and blue (irrigation water) WF components were quantified using the CROPWAT model. The grey component, representing the volume of freshwater required to dilute agricultural pollutants to environmentally acceptable concentrations, was estimated using normative thresholds and fertiliser data. Correlation analyses examined the influence of climatological variables such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation on WF variation. Results showed that total WF in the Agreste region had a marked predominance of blue water, indicating high irrigation dependence. WF values were lower in the Forest Zone, with green water predominant. The grey WF remained relevant in both regions, highlighting the need to address water quality in agricultural planning. Precipitation, humidity, and evapotranspiration were the principal climatic drivers of WF variability. Soil texture also played a significant role: in the Agreste, sandy soils require adaptive practices such as drip irrigation and vegetative cover, while in the Forest Zone, clayey soils benefit from moisture retention strategies including soil decompaction and agroforestry systems. These findings reinforce the value of the WF approach as a strategic instrument for sustainable, climate-responsive, and regionally adapted water resource management in agricultural systems.