The transition from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 to MIS 4 was a major climatic shift that affected hominin biological and cultural evolution in eastern Eurasia. Marked by abrupt climatic shifts, this stage is characterized by notable diversification in hominin behavior. Technological and behavioral changes co-occurred with fluctuating ecological regimes, coinciding with the transition of millennial-scale climate events at the terminus of MIS 5, forcing hominins to develop new strategies to exploit their environment. Temporal multi-proxy-based climate and environmental reconstructions from the Donggou site in the Nihewan Basin of North China offer a high-resolution archive of climatic variation for this period, providing insights into its impact on hominin adaptive strategies. Luminescence dating indicates that the Donggou site was formed between 126.1 and 70.1 ka, and hominins occupied the site from 76 to 74ka. Our results suggest that the regional climate was colder and drier than today and underwent frequent climatic fluctuations that drove environmental and landscape changes. The Donggou hominins persisted in the initial arid phase. They continued to occupy the river floodplain landscape during the mild and moist Dansgaard-Oeschger event of late MIS 5a, before the climate deterioration of the MIS 4 episode. The Donggou archaeological data revealed flexible adaptive strategies, including the effective use of high-quality lithic raw materials, an increase in retouched tools, systematic exploitation of ungulates, and the use of fire. Other sites in the region exhibited different adaptive strategies, collectively indicating hominin behavioral diversification during this period. We suggest that climate oscillation during the MIS 5-4 transition may have promoted hominins to adjust their strategies and develop solutions to challenging environments, leading to increased behavioral flexibility and capabilities when facing landscape turnover from lakeshore to river floodplain habitats after the Nihewan Old Lake dies out.