Vegetation growth modulates land surface temperature (LST) through biogeophysical processes, yet these mechanisms remain insufficiently quantified. This study analyzed LST variations and their response to key biogeophysical factors-Albedo, evapotranspiration (ET), leaf area index (LAI), and soil moisture (SM)-across forests, grasslands, and croplands from 2000 to 2020. LST exhibited distinct daily (daytime vs. nighttime) and seasonal (growing vs. non-growing seasons) trend patterns. While annual LST remained stable (Slope (S) =0.0014 K/yr, p > 0.05), significant seasonal contrasts emerged: cooling during growing seasons (S = -0.05 K/yr, p < 0.05) and mild warming in non-growing seasons (S = 0.076 K/yr, p > 0.05). Diurnal asymmetry was evident, with daytime LST cooling (S=-0.106 K/yr, p < 0.05) and nighttime LST warming (S = 0.064 K/yr, p = 0.06). Grasslands showed unique warming trends in both annual (S = 0.093 K/yr, p = 0.08) and non-growing seasons (S = 0.22 K/yr, p < 0.05), contrasting with cooling in croplands and forests. The reduction in daytime LST was primarily driven by ET, contributing -0.08 K/yr, while the increase in nighttime LST was mainly regulated by Albedo, with a contribution of 0.07 K/yr. During growing seasons, SM was the key driver of cooling, contributing -0.028 K/yr. In contrast, LST warming in the non-growing seasons was co-regulated by Albedo (0.038 K/yr) and LAI (0.059 K/yr). Compared to croplands and forests, grasslands exhibited increasing LST in annual and non-growing season, largely influenced by Albedo (0.07 K/yr), ET (0.05K/yr), and LAI (0.1 K/yr). These findings highlighted the role of the biogeophysical effects of vegetation and land-use types in shaping LST variations, offering critical insights for climate-land interactions and sustainable land management.