. A moth community of 162 species in semi-desert rangelands of central Oregon was studied over two years with respect to the effects of fire disturbance and seasonal weather variation. This community was comprised of 10 distinct guilds based upon larval foodplants and larval feeding habits. These included guilds based upon woody shrubs such as junipers, sagebrush, rabbitbrush, and bitterbrush, plus native bunchgrasses, general grasses, herbaceous plants, and lichens. Larvae feeding on herbs were further divided into climbing cutworms, soil-surface feeding cutworms, and burrowing cutworms. Fire disturbance had a negative impact on the guilds using woody vegetation and native bunchgrasses, and also the climbing cutworms. General grassfeeders increased in abundance, while soil-surface cutworms were not affected in general abundance. However, individual species exhibited wide fluctuations in abundance due to fire disturbance. Drastic fluctuations were also observed with seasonal weather variation, and some individual species either experienced population explosions or crashes, while other species remained unaffected by weather variation. The lichen feeding guild was mostly absent from the community during the dry year of 2009, but experienced large increases in abundance during the wet year of 2011. In general, the guilds feeding on woody shrubs and herbaceous vegetation all showed large increases in abundance during 2011. However, the geometrid moths of the genus Digrammia were most abundant during 2009, and all showed decreases in 2011. Fire disturbance and interannual weather variation had strong effects on the moth community dynamics, which would likely affect higher trophic levels, in particular numerous species of birds and mammals, that depend on them for a food source.