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Gross primary production variations dominate the response of Indian terrestrial carbon fluxes to global climatic phenomena

Singha Roy, Emili ， Philip, Sajeev ， Johnson, Matthew S. ， Baker, David F. ， Liu, Junjie ， Basu, Sourish ， Chevallier, Frederic ， Jiang, Fei ， Li, Xing ， Liu, Zhiqiang ， Miller, Scot M. ， Xiao, Jingfeng ， Zeng, Ning

2025-11-27 COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 2025   6(卷), 1(期), (null页)

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    • A better understanding of country-scale anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and natural flux estimates and the carbon-climate feedback, is critical in formulating national climate policies to attain net zero emissions. Here, we use the atmospheric carbon dioxide column observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 satellite to unravel the response of the Indian land biosphere to global climatic phenomena such as El Ni & ntilde;o-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole. An ensemble of global flux inverse models constrained by satellite observations indicates a reduction in carbon uptake by the Indian land biosphere during El Ni & ntilde;o and an enhanced uptake during La Ni & ntilde;a and positive Indian Ocean Dipole events. We find that the large Gross Primary Production variations, as compared to total ecosystem respiration, determined the response of flux variability to climatic phenomena. The carbon-climate constraints imposed by satellite observations over India help elucidate how biospheric uptake may offset anthropogenic emissions in the future.

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