This study investigates the use of polarimetric ALOS PALSAR data for estimating biomass semi-arid dry tropical deciduous Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR) forest in the eastern Rajasthan, India. Radar backscatter intensity HH, HV, and HH+HV were correlated with forest structure and measured biomass for field sampled plots within the STR. Measured above ground biomass (AGB) was also estimated for these plots using volumetric equation of the tree species. Field measured AGB was estimated using an allometric equation based on tree heights, Diameter at Breast's Height (DBH) and the wood-specific gravity of the sampled tree. Predicted biomass was also estimated for the field sampled plots using allometric relationships developed through field measured AGB and polarization. Annual mosaic PALSAR derived HH, HV and HH+HV polarizations backscatter were assessed for the biomass and it is found that HH+HV had the highest regression co-efficient (r(2) 0.56, p < 0.001) with ground-based biomass measurements followed by HH (r(2) 0.55, p < 0.001) and HV (r(2) 0.46, p < 0.0025) in logarithmic model respectively. Moreover, backscatter of the HH polarization had the highest regression co-efficient (r(2) 0.301) with ground-based basal area measurements followed by HH+HV (r(2) 0.272), while HV had the lowest regression co-efficient (r(2) 0.204) in linear models. MIMICS simulation outcome indicated that both co-polarized and cross-polarized backscatter is strongly influenced by AGB and dependent on it, demonstrating greater sensitivity to AGB at stand level within STR. The HH polarization exhibited a lower backscatter dynamic range (similar to 5 dB), whereas HV polarization showed a slightly higher range (similar to 6 dB). Across all polarizations, L-band backscatter increased with biomass up to approximately 100 Mg ha(-1) in all polarizations, beyond which sensitivity remains unchanged or saturation is observed. Thus, the outcome of the present study highlighted the significance of ALOS PALSAR backscattering potential and implementation for an improved forest structure and AGB quantification in homogeneous biomass of tropical deciduous forest of STR.