Climate change and intensified human activities have led to plant degradation and land desertification in desert areas, which seriously threaten ecological security. The establishment of the Caragana korshinskii plantation is considered to be one of the important means to improve the ecological environment in thealpine sandy region. This study focuses on Caragana korshinskii plantation in the alpine sandy region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Adopting a space-for-time substitution approach, six restoration chrono sequences were selected: 0 years, 5 years, 15 years, 25 years, 35 years, and 50 years. By investigating the variations in vegetation community composition and soil properties, we aim to elucidate the plant and soil system interactions under different restoration durations. The findings will clarify the stability evolution patterns of Caragana korshinskii plantation during desertification control and contribute to promoting green development strategies. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: With the passage of planting time, the plant biomass and species diversity of the Caragana korshinskii plantation community showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching their peak in 25 similar to 35 years. Soil water content exhibited fluctuating trends, while soil organic matter showed progressive accumulation, demonstrating that Caragana korshinskii plantations effectively improved soil fertility. Community stability reaches its maximum (4.98) at 25 years. In summary, the Caragana korshinskii plantation are in an early stage of ecological secondary succession, with plant communities developing from simple to complex structures and gradually approaching, though not yet achieving a stable state.