Drylands, covering 45.4% of the global land area, are vital ecosystems that support 38% of the world's population and approximately 35% of global biodiversity. However, they face increasing threats from desertification, land degradation, and unsustainable management practices. Soil seed banks (SSBs) play a critical role in vegetation recovery, resilience, and biodiversity conservation in drylands. This review synthesizes evidence from 58 studies to evaluate the effects of grazing, topography, and woody plants on SSB dynamics and restoration potential. Grazing impacts on SSBs are highly variable, ranging from depletion under heavy grazing to enhanced seed density and diversity under moderate grazing or intermediate-term exclusion. Topographical features, such as dune tops and leeward slopes, and shrubs significantly influence SSB density and diversity by creating seed-rich microsites. While passive restoration using SSBs shows promise, especially in sandy grasslands, it is often slower than active interventions and limited by insufficient seed resources in severely degraded areas. The reviewed papers highlight the need for tailored grazing management and integrated restoration strategies to optimize the restoration potential of SSBs. Future research should address knowledge gaps related to underrepresented regions, deeper soil layers, long-term processes, and the combined effects of multiple drivers to enhance dryland ecosystem resilience and functionality.