The environmental background of subsistence economies is an important research topic in archaeology. However, this topic hasn't been sufficiently explored in northern Shandong between the Neolithic period and Bronze Age. This study reconstructed the local Holocene vegetation and sedimentary environment using sporopollen, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, loss-on-ignition and chromaticity from the Dingjiazhuang profile. Furthermore, this study reviews the regional paleoenvironment and subsistence evolution in northern Shandong between the Middle Neolithic period and the Bronze Age using previous research findings. Paleoclimate during the Middle and Late Neolithic periods (from Houli to early Dawenkou culture, 8300-5400 BP) was warm and humid. Many lakes and marshes provided with abundant wild plant and animal resources. Hunting and gathering were predominant, but agriculture contributed increasing proportion. During the late Neolithic period (from middle-late Dawenkou to Longshan culture, 5400-3800 BP), dwindling lakes, marshes, and forests led to reduced plant and animal resources. As the population grew, people migrated to low floodplains, cultivating expanded agricultural land. In the middle-late Dawenkou periods, agriculture became the dominant subsistence strategy. This was reinforced in the Longshan culture, with peaked rice farming in prehistoric time. Paleoclimate during the Bronze Age (from Yueshi culture to Shang and Zhou Dynasties, 3900-2206 BP) was warm and dry. Lakes and marshes gradually disappeared; paddy rice farming gave way to dryland farming. This study revealed the profound influence of environmental changes on subsistence patterns, demonstrating people's ability to shape and adjust the environment.