Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev. is a keystone tree species in Ethiopia's dryland farming systems, contributing to soil fertility, crop productivity, and high-quality livestock fodder supply. Its persistence, however, is threatened by unsustainable management practices, particularly, excessive pollarding. This study quantified the effects of farmers' silvicultural practices, including pollarding frequencies and tree sizes, on pod yield, seed production, and germination performance. Pod and seed traits were measured across tree size classes and pollarding frequencies, while germination tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with four replications using 25 seeds in each. Medium-sized trees produced significantly higher pod yields (103 +/- 4.2 kg tree(-1)) than large trees (95 +/- 3.8 kg tree(-1), P < 0.01), and non-pollarded trees yielded 115 +/- 5.1 kg tree(-1), over 15 % higher than pollarded (90 +/- 4.7 kg tree(-1)). One kilogram of seed contained similar to 9067 seeds with 45 % purity, which produces similar to 4080 viable seedlings. Germination was significantly higher for seeds from medium-sized trees (46 %) than from large trees (40 %) with germination rates highest in non-pollarded trees (45 %), intermediate in lightly pollarded trees (41 %), and lowest in heavily pollarded trees (40 %). Flowering occurred from mid-November, peaked in December, and pods matured from January to May, indicating a clear seasonal calendar for reproductive resources. Frequent pollarding reduced flowering intensity, pod setting, and seed production, thereby limiting natural regeneration. These findings highlight that maintaining mature, medium-sized, and moderately managed F. albida trees can optimize pod setting and seed production to support natural regeneration, and enhance ecological conditions and food security benefits. Adoption of such evidence-based management practices in agroforestry landscapes sustains the system while contributing to climate resilience and promote the multifunctional benefits of this keystone dryland tree species.